X21 RTK Terminal: Enable True Autonomy for USVs with Centimeter Accuracy & Multi-Mode Communication

Unmanned surface vessels (USVs) are transitioning from experimental prototypes to essential operational assets across industries such as environmental management, logistics, tourism, and education. However, achieving true autonomy—where a vessel operates without human intervention—is hindered by four critical technical challenges: environmental resilience, positioning precision, communication flexibility, and operational endurance.

The X21 RTK terminal, developed by JUMPSTAR, is engineered as a comprehensive solution to these constraints. It integrates mature hardware architecture with core capabilities in full-frequency GNSS positioning, multi-mode communication, and flexible expansion, providing robust technical support for scaling USV deployments across diverse maritime scenarios.

X21: Enabling True Autonomy for Unmanned Surface Vessels

Environmental Resilience — Operating Reliably in Complex Water Conditions

USVs operate in varied and often harsh environments, from urban canals to coastal ports and inland lakes. These settings demand equipment that can withstand temperature extremes, moisture, and signal obstruction.

The X21 addresses this through:

Wide operating temperature: -20°C to +75°C, suitable for both winter lake ice and summer tropical waters.

IP51 waterproof rating: Effectively resists splashing water and humidity, ensuring stable operation in all marine conditions.

Full-frequency GNSS reception: Compatible with BDS, GPS, GLONASS, and QZSS constellations, with -155dBm tracking sensitivity and -140dBm acquisition sensitivity, enabling rapid signal lock even under bridges or dense foliage.

Fast boot time: Cold start ≤30 seconds, hot start ≤15 seconds, ensuring immediate deployment without prolonged initialization delays.

Positioning Precision — Achieving Centimeter-Level Navigation

For tasks like automated garbage collection, cargo delivery, or student training, sub-meter positioning is insufficient. The X21 delivers the precision required for safe, efficient, and repeatable autonomous missions.

Key performance metrics include:

RTK positioning accuracy: 0.8cm + 1ppm, translating to <1cm error over 100 meters.

Heading accuracy: 0.2° / 1m baseline, enabling stable course following and collision avoidance.

Velocity accuracy: ≤0.03m/s, critical for smooth acceleration and deceleration during docking or maneuvering.

Multi-constellation fusion: Maintains stable navigation even when single satellite signals are weak, adapting to complex waterway geometries.

Communication Flexibility — Adapting to Diverse Operational Needs

Communication requirements vary significantly between USV applications. A sightseeing boat in a city park may rely on 4G for remote monitoring, while a research vessel in a remote lake needs local data logging and offline operation.

The X21 supports multiple communication modes:

Dual communication options: 4G full-network compatibility with TCP/UDP protocols for wide-area data transmission; or direct connection via CAN, RS232, or Type-C serial ports for localized control.

Flexible configuration: Supports SMS, Type-C, and JT/T808 platform configurations for rapid parameter adjustment without physical access.

Rich interface compatibility: Designed with CAN, GNSS, and MCU external port compatibility, allowing seamless integration with sensors, actuators, and third-party systems.

Operational Endurance — Ensuring Long-Term Stability and Low Maintenance

Autonomous vessels must operate reliably for extended periods with minimal human intervention. Power efficiency and system durability are paramount.

The X21 ensures sustained operation through:

Compact, low-power design: Dimensions of 75.0 x 50.0 x 12.8mm and weight under 50g. Operates at ≤370mA @ DC5V, with a 380mAh internal battery to maintain core positioning and communication functions during main power failure.

Remote firmware upgrade: No need for physical disassembly; updates and optimizations can be performed remotely, reducing maintenance costs and downtime.

Robust construction: CNC-machined aluminum housing with strict quality control ensures long-term stability and reduced failure rates under continuous use.

Real-World Applications: Proven Performance Across Industries

1. Cleaning USVs: Intelligent Water Management

Deployed in urban rivers and scenic lakes, X21-equipped cleaning USVs autonomously navigate pre-defined routes, avoiding obstacles and collecting debris. The combination of centimeter-level positioning and stable 4G communication allows central control centers to monitor progress and adjust schedules in real time. This has resulted in a 30% increase in operational efficiency compared to manual methods, while reducing safety risks for personnel.

2. Sightseeing USVs: Safe and Comfortable Tourism

In tourist areas, X21 enables sightseeing boats to follow optimized, collision-free routes along shorelines or around islands. Its heading and position data allow for precise docking and passenger disembarkation. For operators, the integrated communication system provides real-time feedback on passenger flow and vessel status, enhancing safety and customer experience.

3. Short-Distance Transport USVs: Efficient Logistics Partner

For harbor-to-harbor or island supply chains, X21’s low-power design and multi-mode communication ensure uninterrupted operation. Its ability to log data locally via TF card and transmit it upon reconnection to 4G networks makes it ideal for routes with intermittent coverage. Operators report a 40% improvement in cargo turnover rate and transport errors maintained below 1%, significantly reducing labor and time costs.

4. Educational USVs: Precise Teaching Assistant

In university and vocational training programs, X21 serves as a foundational tool for teaching autonomous navigation, sensor fusion, and control algorithms. Students can configure the device via serial port or platform, conduct experiments on route planning and obstacle avoidance, and analyze logged data for post-mission review. The device fosters hands-on learning, bridging theoretical knowledge with practical application.

Conclusion: A Foundation for Scalable Maritime Autonomy

The X21 RTK terminal is not merely a positioning module; it is a complete enabler for true USV autonomy. By resolving the core challenges of environmental resilience, positioning accuracy, communication adaptability, and operational endurance, it provides a scalable, reliable foundation for deploying unmanned vessels across commercial, educational, and public service sectors.

As the demand for intelligent, automated maritime solutions grows, the X21 offers a proven, production-ready platform for developers and integrators seeking to build next-generation USV systems.